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Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache (OFPH) is published by MRE Press from Volume 38 lssue 1 (2024). Previous articles were published by another publisher on a subscription basis, and they are hosted by MRE Press on www.jofph.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache.
Temporomandibular Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Reliability of a Questionnaire, Clinical Examination, and Diagnosis
1Pubiic Dentai Ciinic at Ryd, Linkejping, Sweden
2TMD Unit, Specialist Center for Orai Rehabilitation, Linköping, Sweden
3Departments of Crai Medicine and Psychiatry and Behaviorai Sciences, University of Washington, Seattie, Washington
*Corresponding Author(s): Samuel F. Dworkin E-mail:
Recently developed Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporoman dibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) have been shown to be reliable for diagnosing and assessing TMD in U.S. and Swedish adult populations; however, few studies have focused on clinical examination methods and diagnostic criteria for use with children and adolescents. The present study used a sample of 50 Swedish children and adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years, to evaluate usefulness and reliability of existing and specially developed measures and methods for assessing and diagnosing TMD in youth. Subjects underwent repeated clinical exams by two calibrated examiners to assess signs and symptoms per the RDC/TMD, and they responded to a specially developed self-administered questionnaire that addressed location and frequency of TMD-related pain and of pain medications. Interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability was assessed for clinical examination, questionnaire items, and diagnosis. Reliability values ranged from acceptable to excellent for the RDC/TMD clinical exam and questionnaire, and from good to excellent reliability for measuring virtually all modified clinical parameters of TMD assessed in these young patients.
adolescents; children; clinical examination; questionnaire; temporomandibular disorders
Kerstin Wahlund, Thomas List, Samuel F. Dworkin. Temporomandibular Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Reliability of a Questionnaire, Clinical Examination, and Diagnosis. Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. 1998. 12(1);42-51.
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