THE ETIOLOGY OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT

1. Greene CS. Focus article: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders: Implications for treatment. J Orofac Pain 2001;15:93–105.

2. National Institutes of Health, Office of Medical Applications of Research Conference. Management of Temporomandibular Disorders. National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Conference Statement. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Office of Medical Applications of Research, 1996.

3. Molin C. From bite to mind: TMD—A personal and literature review. Int J Prosthodont 1999;12:279–288.

4. Waddell G, McIntosh A, Hutchinson A, Feder G, Lewis

M. Low Back Pain Evidence Review. London: Royal College of General Practitioners, 1999.

5. Pullman L. Sounds produced by the mandibular joint in a sample of healthy workers. J Orofac Pain 1993; 7:359–361.

6. Szentpetery A. Clinical utility of mandibular measurement. J Orofac Pain 1993;7:163–168.

7. Forssell H, Kalso E, Koskela P, Vehmanen R, Puukka P, Alanen P. Occlusal treatments in temporomandibular disorders: A qualitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Pain 1999;83:549–560.

8. Gatchel R, Garofalo J, Ellis E, Holt C. Major psychological disorders in acute and chronic TMD: An initial examination. J Am Dent Assoc 1996;127:1365–1374.

9. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of Chronic Pain, ed

2. Seattle: IASP Press, 1994:59–60.

10. Feinmann C. The long-term outcome of facial pain treatment. J Psychosom Res 1993;37:381–387.

11. Madland G, Feinmann C, Newman S. Factors associated with anxiety and depression in facial arthromyalgia. Pain 2000;84:225–232.

12. Banks S, Kerns R. Explaining high rates of depression in chronic pain: A diathesis-stress framework. Psychol Bull 1996;119:95–110.

13. Derbyshire SW, Jones AK, Devani P, et al. Cerebral responses to pain in patients with atypical facial pain measured by positron emission tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994;57:1166–1172.

14. Wessely S, Nimnuan C, Sharpe M. Functional somatic symptoms: One or many? Lancet 1999;359:936–939.

15. Dohrenwend BP, Raphael KG, Marbach JJ, Gallagher RM. Why is depression comorbid with chronic myofascial face pain? Afamily study test of alternative hypotheses. Pain 1999;83:183–192.

16. Hamilton J, Campos R, Creed F. Anxiety, depression and management of medically unexplained symptoms in medical clinics. J R Coll Physicians 1996;30:18–21.

17. Hedenberg-Magnusson B, Ernberg M, Kopp S. Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders in patients with fibromyalgia andlocal myalgia of the temporomandibular system. A comparative study. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55:344–349.