Recommendations by the EACD for Examination, Diagnosis, and Management of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain by the General Dental Practitioner

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26. Egermark I, Magnusson T, Carlsson GE. A 20-year follow-up of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and malocclusions in subjects with and without orthodontic treatment in childhood. Angle Orthod 2003;73: 109–115.

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30. Ernst E. Musculoskeletal conditions and complementary/alternative medicine. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2004;18:539–556.

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32. Forssell H, Kalso E, Koskela P, Vehmanen R, Puukka P, Alanen P. Occlusal treatments in temporomandibular disorders: A qualitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Pain 1999;83:549–560.

33. Freund BJ, Schwartz M. Relief of tension-type headache symptoms in subjects with temporomandibular disorders treated with botulinum toxin-A. Headache 2002;42:1033-1037.

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35. Gallo LM, Brasi M, Ernst B, Palla S. Relevance of mandibular helical axis analysis in functional and dysfunctional TMJs. J Biomech 2006;39:1716–1725.

36. Gardea MA, Gatchel RJ, Mishra KD. Long-term efficacy of biobehavioral treatment of temporomandibular disorders. J Behav Med 2001;24:341–359.

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40. Henrikson T, Nilner M, Kurol J. Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders before, during and after orthodontic treatment. Swed Dent J 1999;23:193–207.

41. Henrikson T, Nilner M. Temporomandibular disorders, occlusion an orthodontic treatment. J Orthod 2002;30: 129–137.

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45. Ingerslev H. Functional disturbances of the masticatory system

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46. Kim MR, Graber TM, Viana MA. Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorder: A meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;121:438–446.

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48. Koh H. Robinson PG. Occlusal adjustment for treating and

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49. Kordass B. Computer-assisted instrumental functional diagnostics—State of development, possibilities, and limits. Int J Comput Dent 2002;5:249–269.

50. Kropmans TJ, Dijkstra PU, Stegenga B, de Bont LG. Therapeutic outcome assessment in permanent temporomandibular joint disc displacement. J Oral Rehabil 1999; 26:357–363.

51. Kurita H, Kurashina K, Kotani A. Clinical effect of full coverage occlusal splint therapy for specific temporomandibular disorder conditions and symptoms. J Prosthet Dent 1997; 78:506–510.

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54. List T, Wahlund K, Larsson B. Psychosocial functioning and dental factors in adolescents with temporomandibular disorders: A case-control study. J Orofac Pain 2001;15: 218–227.

55. List T, Axelsson S, Leijon G. Pharmacologic interventions in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders, atypical facial pain, and burning mouth syndrome. A qualitative systematic review. J Orofac Pain 2003;17:301–310.

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57. Magnusson T, Egermark I, Carlsson GE. Treatment received, treatment demand, and treatment need for temporomandibular disorders in 35-year-old subjects. Cranio 2002;20:11–17.

58. McNeely ML, Armijo Olivo S, Magee DJ. A systematic review

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64. Morneburg T, Pröschel P. Differences between traces of adjacent condylar points and their impact on clinical evaluation ofcondyle motion. Int J Prosthodont 1998;11: 317–324.

65. Naeije M, Huddleston Slater JJR, Lobbezoo F. Variation in movement traces of the kinematic center of the temporomandibular joint. J Orofac Pain 1999;13:121–127.

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76. Rosted P. Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies. Oral Dis 2001;7:109–115.

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78. Sarita PT, Kreulen CM, Witter D, Creugers NH. Signs and

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79. Schiffman A, Gross MD. Diagnostic targeting of temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2001;28:1056.

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90. Sundqvist B, Magnusson T, Wenneberg B. Comparison between predicted and actual treatment outcome in patients with temporomandibular disorders treated by TMD-trained general dental practitioners. Swed Dent J 2003;27:131–141.

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100. Vallon D, Nilner M, Soderfeldt B. Treatment outcome in patients with craniomandibular disorders of muscular origin: A 7-year follow-up. J Orofac Pain 1998;12:210-218.

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104. Wahlund K, List T, Larsson B. Treatment of temporomandibular disorders among adolescents: A comparison between occlusal appliances, relaxation training and brief information. Acta Odontol Scand 2003;61:203–221.

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