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Original Research

Open Access

Botulinum Toxin for Treating Temporomandibular Disorders: What is the Evidence?

  • Robert Delcanho1,*,
  • Matteo Val2
  • Luca Guarda Nardini2
  • Daniele Manfredini3

1School of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

2Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ca Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy

3School of Dental Medicine, Department of Biomedical Technologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

DOI: 10.11607/ofph.3023 Vol.36,Issue 1,April 2022 pp.6-20

Submitted: 24 May 2021 Accepted: 31 July 2021

Published: 30 April 2022

*Corresponding Author(s): Robert Delcanho E-mail: dr@orofacialpain.com.au

Abstract

Aims: To systematically review the scientific literature for evidence concerning the clinical use of botulinum toxin (BTX) for the management of various temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to find randomized clinical trials (RCT) published between 2000 and the end of April 2021 investigating the use of BTX to treat TMDs. The selected articles were reviewed and tabulated according to the PICO (patients/problem/population, intervention, comparison, outcome) format. Results: A total of 24 RCTs were selected. Nine articles used BTX injections to treat myofascial pain, 4 to treat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articular TMDs, 8 for the management of bruxism, and 3 to treat masseter hypertrophy. A total of 411 patients were treated by injection of BTX. Wide variability was found in the methods of injection and in the doses injected. Many trials concluded superiority of BTX injections over placebo for reducing TMD pain levels and improving maximum mouth opening; however, this was not universal. Conclusion: There is good scientific evidence to support the use of BTX injections for treatment of masseter hypertrophy and equivocal evidence for myogenous TMDs, but very little for TMJ articular disorders. Studies with improved methodologic design are needed to gain better insight into the utility and effectiveness of BTX injections for treating both myogenous and TMJ articular TMDs and to establish suitable protocols for treating different TMDs.


Keywords

botulinum toxin; bruxism; myofascial; pain; temporomandibular disorders; temporomandibular joint


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Robert Delcanho,Matteo Val,Luca Guarda Nardini,Daniele Manfredini. Botulinum Toxin for Treating Temporomandibular Disorders: What is the Evidence?. Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. 2022. 36(1);6-20.

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